Water and it's biologically important properties

 *INTRODUCTION* 

= Water is the most abundant component in living cell . It's amount varies approximately from 70 to 90% . Life activities occur in a cell due to presence of water . 
                                           
                                    The ability of water to play it's wide variety of roles , and reasons for it's importance in biological systems is due to basic chemistry of molecule . The chemical formula of water is H2O which tells us that two atoms of hydrogen are joined to one atom of oxygen to make up each water molecule . 
                      Water is a polar molecule . It means that it has a very slightly negative end the oxygen atom and a very slightly position end the hydrogen atoms . This separation of electrical charge is called dipole , which gives the water molecule it's very important properties . One of the most important properties of this charge separation is the tendency of H20 molecule to form hydrogen bonds .

*Biologically important properties of water * 

1: Behave as best solvent: 

    Due to polar nature of water molecules , many polar substances ( solute) , particularly ionic substances dissociate in ions and dissolve in water .  
                             Water can also act as a solvent to many NON- polar substances . As all the chemical reactions that go on within the cell takes place in aqueous solutions . The ability of water to act as a solvent is vitally important for the process of life . Ions or molecules are dissolved in water , these ions move and collide to perform the chemical reaction . 


2* Slow to absorb and release heat ( high specific heat capacity ) *

The specific heat capacity of a substances is a measure of the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gm of that substances by 1•c . The specific heat capacity of water is high , it takes a lot of energy to warm up . This thermal stability plays an important role in water - based protoplasm of individual cell to allow the biochemistry of life carried at fairly  constant rate . 





3* high heat of vaporization* 

          Due to hydrogen bonding which holds the water molecules together , liquid water requires higher amount of heat energy to change into vapours . It also gives stability to water molecules . Therefore water needs to lose a lot of energy to form Ice, due to this reason the content of cell are unlikely to freeze . 









4* An Amphoteric molecule* 

    Water molecule is Amphoteric because it acts both as an acid and a base . As acid , it gives up electron to form H± ion . As base , it gains electron to form OH- ions 



OR 

This ability of water molecules means that it is a perfect medium for the biochemical reactions occuring in cells . It acts as buffer . A buffer helps to prevent changes in pH of a solution when an acid or an alkli is added . Thus water in the cells minimises any change in pH which prevent any interference in the metabolism  of cell . 


5* Co-hesive force in water molecules * 

               Force of attraction between similar molecules is called Co-hesive force . Due to polar nature water molecules attract each other to form a chain . This chain of water molecules do not break apart which help it to flow freely . They remain together because of hydrogen bonding . Water molecules also adhere to the surface . It can fill a tubular vessel and still flow so that dissolved and suspended molecules are evenly distributed throughout a system . Therefore , water is an excellent transport and matrix medium both outside and inside the cell . 




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